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        <div id="content-top1">Page 10 - 10-Chem-16  CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 10</div>
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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>16. CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES      eLearn.Punjab

Basic Reactions

The process consists of the following steps:
(i) Preparation of ammonical brine:

   First of all, ammonical brine is prepared by dissolving ammonia gas in sodium chloride solution
(brine).
(ii) Carbonation of ammonical brine:
Ammonical brine is fed into carbonating tower and carbon dioxide is passed through it. Following
reactions take place in the carbonating tower.
The temperature of the mixture is lowered to 15Â°C and precipitates of NaHCO3 are obtained.

(iii) Filtration of precipitates:
The milky solution from the carbonating tower is filtered to get sodium bicarbonate. It is used as a
baking soda.
(iv) Calcination:
Sodium bicarbonate is heated to get sodium carbonate.

CO2 is again used in tower. It is about half of CO2 needed in the process.
(v) Preparation of carbon dioxide and slaked lime:
CO2 is prepared by heating limestone in a lime kiln. Then, it is carried to carbonating tower

Quick lime (CaO) formed in lime kiln is slaked with water. Then, it is pumped to the ammonia
recovery tower.

                         10</code></pre>
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