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        <div id="content-top1">Page 11 - 10-Chem-16  CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 11</div>
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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>16. CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES  eLearn.Punjab

(vi) Ammonia recovery tower:
Ammonia is recovered in this tower from ammonium chloride solution produced in the carbonated
tower and calcium hydroxide formed in lime kiln.

In fact, all ammonia is recovered in this tower and is reused in the process. There are minor losses
of ammonia in the process which are compensated by using some fresh ammonia.

                  Fig. 16.8: Flow sheet diagram of Solvayâ€™s Process for the manufacturing of sodium carbonate.

Advantages of Solvayâ€™s process

(i) It is a cheap process as raw materials are available at very low prices.
(ii) Carbon dioxide and ammonia are recovered and reused.
(iii) Process is pollution free, because the only waste is calcium chloride solution.
(iv) Sodium carbonate of very high purity is obtained.
(v) Consumption of fuel is very less since no solution is to be evaporated.

 Pakistan is self-sufficient as far as demand of sodium carbonate is concerned. Imperial
 Chemical Industries (ICI) Khewra (Jhelum) is producing enough sodium carbonate. This unit
 was established in 1944 in Khewra because abundant raw material sodium chloride is available
 here. Sindh alkalies limited was established near Karachi in 1966. Sodium carbonate and sodium
 bicarbonate are important industrial chemicals and are used by many industries.

                                                      11</code></pre>
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