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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>6. Transition Elements                                                            eLearn.Punjab

                        In This Chapter You Will Learn:

1.	The definition and classification of transition elements.
2.	The electronic configurations and the general characteristics like colour

   binding energies, etc.
3.	The definition of a complex compound and the related terms like ligand,

   coordination number etc.
4.	The nomenclature and the geometrical shapes of simple complex

   compounds.
5.	A brief description of the manufacture of wrought iron and steel from iron

   ore.
6.	How corrosion is caused and the ways to prevent it.
7.	The important methods of preparation of potassium chromate, potassium

   dichromate, potassium permanganate and their properties.

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Transition elements may be defined as those elements which have partially
filled d or f-subshells in atomic state or in any of their commonly occurring
oxidation states.

Table 6.1 Electronic configuratios of three series of d-block elements

3d-block elements       4d-block elements          5d-block elements

Elements Electronic     Elements     Electronic    Elements      Electronic

         configuration     Y (39)  configuration     La (57)  configuration
                          Zr (40)    [Kr]4d1 5s2     Hf (72)     [Xe] 5d1 6s2
Sc (21) [Ar] 3d1 4s2     Nb (41)     [Kr]4d2 5s2     Ta (73)
                         Mo (42)     [Kr]4d4 5s1     W (74)   [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Ti (22)  [Ar] 3d2 4s2     Te (43)    [Kr]4d5 5s1     Re (75)  [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
                          Ru (44)    [Kr]4d5 5s2     Os (76)  [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
V (23)   [Ar] 3d3 4s2     Rh (45)    [Kr]4d7 5s1     Ir (77)  [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
                          Pd (46)    [Kr]4d8 5s1     Pt (78)  [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Cr (24) [Ar] 3d5 4s1      Ag (47)      [Kr]4d10      Au (79)  [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
                          Cd (48)    [Kr]4d10 5s1    Hg (80)  [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
Mn (25) [Ar] 3d5 4s2                 [Kr]4d10 5s2             [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
                                                              [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Fe (26) [Ar] 3d6 4s2

Co (27) [Ar] 3d7 4s2

Ni (28) [Ar] 3d8 4s2

Cu (29) [Ar] 3d10 4s1

Zn (30) [Ar] 3d10 4s2

                                   2</code></pre>
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