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        <div id="content-top1">Page 24 - index</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 24</div>
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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>9. Aromatic Hydrocarbons                                                eLearn.Punjab

2. Nitration

The introduction of NO2 group in benzene ring is called â€œNitrationâ€.
The nitration of benzene takes place when it is heated with a
1:1 mixture of con. HNO3 and con.H2SO4 at 50- 55Â°C. Sulphuric
acid reacts with nitric acid to generate nitronium ion, (N02+).

Mechanism:

HNO2 + H2SO4 ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½50ï¿½-ï¿½55ï¿½ï¿½0 Cï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½  NO   +  +  HSO4-  +          H  2O
                                        2

            Animation 9.9 : Nitration of benzene mechanism
               Source & Credit : Sustainability.sellafieldsites

                                     24</code></pre>
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